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The recovered test-tube plants, as well as the samples of six in vitro potato varieties that are in demand in plant breeding and seed production (Smak, Sante, Yantar, Zhukovsky ranny, Dachny ...
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The commonly used methods cannot eliminate viral load in infected plants. Many unconventional methods are presently being employed to prevent viral infection; however, every time, these methods ...
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This well illustrated book is likely to be of great use to learners, especially those who wish either to organize or to take an introductory course on the general biological properties of plant viruses. Although books containing specialized reviews of methods used in the study of plant viruses have appeared in recent years, little has been published in English that would form the basis …
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Biological acquisition methods to obtain nanoparticles (NPs) offer a low-cost, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly approach. This review shows recent data about several methods for procuring nanoparticles and an exhaustive elucidation of biological agents such as plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and yeast.
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Concurrent work by Zhang, Holt & Colvin (2000) incorporated vector aggregation because of settling and feeding preferences for virus-infected plants and increased reproduction on infected plants ...
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8. Transmission of viruses by seed • About 100 viruses have been reported to be transmitted by seed only a small portion (1-30) of the seed derived from virus infected. • Plant transmit the virus. • Frequencies varies with the host virus combination. • Tobacco ring spot virus is soybean may be transmitted by almost all of the seed of infected plant. • 28 …
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Mathematical models of plant-virus and plant-vector-virus models have provided insight into effective methods for reduction of disease incidence and for increase in plant productivity (e.g. [5,6 ...
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Map of simulation results for non-persistent and persistent viruses, showing the higher number of infected plants and a greater level of aggregation for the persistent virus Kho et al. 2020 [73 ...
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2. To study of virus structure, reproduction of virus, vaccine production of virus etc., requires pure viruses. A number of techniques are available for purification of viruses. Due to the virus futures such as,Virus size is larger than proteins, more stable than cell components and presence of surface proteins, techniques used for virus purification are similar to the …
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7. Basic principles of disease control: Control strategies can be divided into two groups based on their effect on the development of resistance to the control measure by the pathogen: 1. Eradicative control measures — designed to eliminate the entire pathogen population - examples: pesticides, vertical or complete resistance - These tend to select for …
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Plant pathogenic viruses cause major economic losses in many agricultural and horticultural crops. The diagnosis of viruses in the seed and propagative materials assumes greater importance for national quarantine services and is crucial not only for effective implication of disease management strategies but also to restrict the movement of viral inoculum through …
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Virus aggregation-disaggregation is a complex process and predicting the behavior of any individual virus is difficult under a given set of environmental circumstances without actual experimental ...
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The observed band pattern of intact Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) VNPs in agarose gels is analyzed and the applicability of native agaroses gels for monitoring interparticle linkage of thiol‐containing CPMV mutant particles is shown. The use of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) as building blocks for material fabrication has received particular attention in recent years. In …
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6. Plant viruses are non-integrative vectors: The plant viruses do not integrate into the host genome in contrast to the vectors based on T-DNA of A. tumefaciens which are integrative. The viral genomes are suitably modified by introducing desired foreign genes. These recombinant viruses are transferred, multiplied and expressed in plant cells. They spread …
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Mathematical models of plant-virus and plant-vector-virus models have provided insight into effective methods for reduction of disease incidence and for increase in plant …
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ecology and evolution of plant viruses is particularly complex because most are transmitted between plants by vectors. A three-way interaction exists between virus, host plant and vector, and transmission of viruses is controlled by two processes: acquisition of virus from infected plants; and inoculation of healthy host plants by vectors.
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While feeding on host plants, viruliferous insects serve as vectors for viruses. Successful viral transmission depends on vector behavior. Two behaviors that impact viral transmission are vector aggregation and dispersal. Vector aggregation may be due to chemical or visual cues or feeding preferences. Vector dispersal can result in widespread disease outbreaks among susceptible …
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B. Indirect methods: Indirect methods identify the plant diseases through various parameters such as morphological change, temperature change, transpiration rate change and volatile
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An efficient molecular method for plant virus detection is expected to be fast, accurate, sensitive, specific, cost-effective, and user-friendly (Jeong et al. 2014; Venbrux et al. 2023). Because ...
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In conclusion, HPLC gel filtration of either intact or dissociated plant viruses can be used as a fast and simple last step in a virus purification scheme to provide very pure material for immunization or other purposes. In particular for labile or aggregation-prone viruses this would seem to be the method of choice.
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Most of the plant viruses have RNA. But some plant viruses have DNA (e.g. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), Rice tungro bacilliform virus, Bean golden mosaic virus and Banana bunchy top virus). Nucleic acid (RNA / DNA) may be either single stranded (ss) or double stranded (ds) .Viral nucleic acids are quite small (1 – 3 x
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Plant Virus: Viruses that infect plant cells are called as plant viruses. About 170 plant viruses have been identified. Most of the plant viruses contain RNA as the genetic material. But only one group of virus contains DNA as the genetic material. The RNA may ne single stranded or double stranded. The following are the important plant viruses ...
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21. There are a number of routes by which plant viruses may be transmitted: Seeds: These may transmit virus infection either due to external contamination of the seed with virus particles, or due to infection of the living tissues of the embryo. Vegetative propagation/grafting: These techniques are cheap and easy methods of plant propagation, …
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The modeling framework is based on cassava mosaic virus that causes significant damage in cassava crops in Africa and provides useful measures to assess effects of aggregation and dispersal on the rate of disease spread within and between crops and the potential for an outbreak. While feeding on host plants, viruliferous insects serve as vectors …
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Infection rates for plant-virus diseases that are of a more general form than the familiar bilinear terms are examined and it is proposed that spatial aggregation of the vectors is an inevitable consequence of infection, particularly with a severe virus strain or a sensitive host. In plant-virus disease epidemiology, dynamical models have invariably incorporated a bilinear …
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A general model of plant-virus disease infection incorporating vector aggregation. directly proportional to both the abundance of healthy (susceptible) hosts and the abundance …
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Ref. [8] outlines the methods and interaction mechanisms for the coordinated operation of DERs within a VPP, enabling the aggregation of various DERs to deliver flexible power profiles.To precisely quantify the operational range of VPPs, existing literature has proposed methods for estimating the feasible regions of these systems.
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He suggested that recovery may be related to reduction of virus concentration through virus aggregation, adsorption on some proteins, or both. ... The "dodder graft," a new method of using dodder to transmit plant viruses. Phytopathology 37: 5. ... N. S., 95(2642): 252. 9 1943a. New hosts as a key to progress in plant virus disease research. In ...
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steps. It will be found that plant viruses vary in their thermal inactivation point, but the majority are between 50 and 60°C. PURIFICATION METHODS The problems involved in separating a …
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6. VIRUS ELIMINATION BY HEAT TREATMENT Thermotherapy has been effectively used for a long time to obtain virus- free plants from infected individuals of diverse plant species (Hollings, 1965). The basic principle behind heat eradication of viruses is that at temperatures higher than normal many viruses in plant tissues are partially or completely …
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